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The Polar Sun Moves Backward

May 31st, 2007 by Ken Mankoff

Normally the Sun moves East to West across the sky, and I use it quite a bit for navigation and telling time. In New York City where I live now I can get out of the subway somewhere new, and by seeing the sun hit a building I can figure out which way is South, orient myself, and go wherever I need to go.

I've been near the North Pole twice. During the Boreal summer of 2002 I was living in Fairbanks, Alaska, and during the June Solstice of 2006 I was camping in Iceland.

One (of many) confusing things about being at a pole with 24 hours of sunlight is that the Sun appears to move backward in the sky. It isn't moving at all, the Earth is rotating, but from our perspective it looks like the Sun moves.

From the perspective of someone near a pole, during the day the Sun behaves normally and moves from East to West, although it remains close to the horizon. The strange thing is that at “night”, rather than setting, it continues to move around the sky, but it now looks like it moves West to East. Somehow it needs to reset by morning and get back to the East. Normally this happens in the dark so we don't see it, but when you are near a pole you can look over it and see what is happening on the night side of the planet.

It is strange and disorienting at first, but a lot of fun (assuming you think of celestial mechanics as fun).

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